Renaissance – the arts in competition by Barbara John

Social changes started in the late Middle Ages: painters, sculptors and architects began to be classed as artists. In the early days of the Renaissance, the arts started to compete with each other. Until then the fine arts had been subordinate to the artes liberales like music, but this was questioned by universally talented artists like Leon Battista Alberti (1404-1472) and Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519). One key reason was the discovery of central perspective.

I am Cause not Effect by Philippe Benichou

It is safe to assert that many of us have, at one point or another, found ourselves to be at the effect of someone or something. Concepts such as action-reaction, cause and effect and deed-consequences are embedded in our consciousness but seldom discussed as to their veracity and validity.